Photo Credit: Isaak D. Edmonds

What you need:
.ice
.zip lock bags
.salt
.ice cream toppings
.syrup (optional)
.vanilla extract
The Science:
"Ice has to absorb energy in order to melt, changing the phase of water from a solid to a liquid. When you use ice to cool the ingredients for ice cream, the energy is absorbed from the ingredients and from the outside environment (like your hands, if you are holding the baggie of ice!). When you add salt to the ice, it lowers the freezing point of the ice, so even more energy has to be absorbed from the environment in order for the ice to melt. This makes the ice colder than it was before, which is how your ice cream freezes"


http://chemistry.about.com/cs/howtos/a/aa020404a.htm

Min-Project #2: Magnetic Screw Driver!

Photo Credit: Isaak Delgadillo-Edmonds

What you need:
.any magnet
.magnetizable metal (in this case a screwdriver instead of a paperclip)

The Science:
When you rub the magnets against magnetizable metal it causes the normally not magnetic metal to become magnetic.

Chem 8d Stnd

Chem Stnds 8d: Students know the atoms and molecules in liquids move in a random pattern relative to one another because the intermolecular forces are too weak to hold the atoms or molecules in a solid form.

Forces that attract molecules to other molecules, these include:
.hydrogen bonding
.dipole-dipole attraction
.London dispersion forces

The types of bonding forces vary in their strength as measured by average bond energy.
(STRONGEST)
Covalent Bonds (400kcal)
Hydrogen Bonding(12-16kcal)
DipoledipoleRXNS(2-0.5kcal)
Lndon Forces(less than 1kcal)
(WEAKEST)

Hydrogen Bonding

Bonding b/t hydrogen and more electronegative neighboring atoms such as oxygen and nitrogen.

Polarity

A molecule, such as HF, that has a center of positive charge and a center of negative charge is said to be polar, or to have a dipole moment.

Dipole-dipole Attraction

Attraction between oppositely charged regions of neighboring molecules.

London-dispersion forces

The weakest of intermolecular forces, these forces are proportional to the mass of the molecule. These are the only forces of attraction between completely nonpolar molecules.

Links:
http://www.sciencegeek.net/Chemistry/Presentations/IntermolecularForces/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid

Mister Olson's Happy Trail!

View MISTER OLSON'S HAPPY TRAIL in a larger map">

Mini- Project: Glow in the dark Water!

http://video.about.com/chemistry/How-to-Make-Glowing-Water.htm

Photo Credit: Gregory Alan Warden

What you need:
.Any amount of water
.Yellow highlighter ink
.Blacklight

The Science:
The transparent brightly colored ink is able to glow under a black light to produce either a greenish yellow glow because the phosphorus in the ink produces that color.